Saturday, March 28, 2020
Mesolithic era Essay Example
Mesolithic era Paper It is thought too that the women, while the males were out hunting the animals- collected berries and other wild shrubs to cook with the meal as part of their diet. Thus, Mesolithic eating habits would not have had a significant impact on the landscape of Ireland. In contrast, Neolithic people are known as the first farmers in Ireland. It is wrong to think that Mesolithic people discovered farming and then became Neolithic people; rather Neolithic ways of life began to spread to Ireland from settlers across the sea and brought this new way of life with them. Neolithic folk were involved in cultivating the land they lived on and grew crops and vegetation as a food source, they still hunted and gathered in berries and nuts but now their diet was supplemented on a regular basis by the produce of their crops, and by the domesticated animals they kept such as pigs, sheep, cattle and hunting dogs. Evidence from Cashelkeelty, County Kerry, suggests that this happened between 3900BC and 3000BC http://www. wesleyjohnston. com/users/ireland/past/pre_ norman_history/neolithic_age. html. Findings around Neolithic sites, which have been excavated, have provided evidence of a new technology as described by J. P. Mallory T. E. McNeill; they go on to say There was also a new technology that has been especially developed for this new agricultural economy. The first farmer colonists introduced their own variety of polished stone axes for clearing away forests, flint tools for harvesting their crops, grinding stones for processing the cereal, and pots made from clay to assist in cooking and serve as containers. We will write a custom essay sample on Mesolithic era specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mesolithic era specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mesolithic era specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Even the tools used for hunting changes as these early farmers brought their own type of flint arrowheads and javelins, and now that there was easy access to animals whose hides were particularly useful to man, we begin to find abundant evidence for flint scrapers. (1991. P. 30. ) Such dramatic changes to diet brought would have brought about significant changes to the physical landscape of Ireland; people were now starting to cut away areas of woodland so they could cultivate the land for farming and building their settlements. The effects of this are evident today, with the creation of blanket bogland throughout Ireland and particularly around areas where Neolithic artefacts are discovered. Ireland has 12,000 kmi of bogland, consisting of two distinct types, blanket bogs and raised bogs. Blanket bogs are the more widespread of the two types. They are essentially a product of human activity aided by the moist Irish climate. Blanket bogs formed on sites where Neolithic farmers cleared trees for farming. As the land so cleared fell into disuse, the soil began to leach and become more acidic, producing a suitable environment for the growth of heather and rushes. The debris from these plants accumulated and a layer of peat formed. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Geography_of_Ireland#Bogs. The continuous falling debris has caused these bogs to grow and an example of the height to which they have grown is all too evident in the Ceide Fields, located in North County Mayo. Thus, most of Irelands upland peat bogs (although not the lower ones are actually features inadvertently created by Neolithic farmers). In relation to housing Mesolithic people did not build permanent settlements, this was due to their way of life, being from a hunter-gatherer culture, these individuals tended to be nomadic, moving from season to season, going where the food was. During the summer and early autumn months it is thought that these people settled beside coastal areas- were it was cooler and throughout the winter and spring they settled more inland, taking refuge and protection from the weather amongst the dense woodland. There is no absolute evidence for these assumptions however; tools from the Mesolithic era have been located around or close to coastal areas. The Curran (Near to present day Larne, County Antrim) is a raised beach where archaeologists have found thousands of flint tools, and in County Offaly, archaeologists uncovered evidence of a Mesolithic settlement at Lough Boora. Neolithic peoples contributed to the changing of the landscape through the settlement dividing which are evident in the Ceide Fields of northern County Mayo. The Ceide Fields are a series of stone field boundaries discovered preserved under peat on the edge of a cliff in Mayo. At the time, they were made; the climate would have allowed them to grow crops there, although today it is a bog. It would be on this land, beside that which they cultivated that their dwellings would be built. Neolithic settlers built more structured and permanent buildings for settlement than the Mesolithic. A Neolithic house was rectangular and made either from tree trunks sunk vertically into the ground or from woven branches covered with mud. A large beam leaning against the ridge of the roof supported the gables at each end. The roof itself was made from timber beams with reed thatch covering it. A small hole in the roof allowed smoke to escape because, unlike the Mesolithic Irish, the Neolithic farmers lit their fires and cooked indoors. We know what these houses looked like because, although most of the wood itself has gone, the post-holes have survived and engineers can thus determine the houses structure. http://www. wesleyjohnston. com/users/ireland/past/pre_norman_ history/neolithic_age. html.
Saturday, March 7, 2020
Anthropology is a discipline that systematically Essays
Anthropology is a discipline that systematically Essays "Anthropology is a discipline that systematically studies human culture and the evolutionary dimensions of human biology." It let us help to get information about humans with their past and present. Anthropology relates to other dimensions of studies such as biological science and physical science to get the understanding of human history and cultures. It is also a study of the biological human with their physical elements. Anthropology is studied under four main subfields; Cultural Anthropology, Archeology, linguistic Anthropology and Biological anthropology. "Cultural anthropology is a subfield of anthropology concerning itself primarily with contemporary societies, their belief systems, and social behavior." A Cultural anthropologist studies human through ethnography which is a "written anthropological description of a culture produced by a researcher conducting field research in that culture." It is based upon face-to-face interviews and is conducted in a native language. Archeology is the subfield of anthropology studying the lifestyles, history, and evolution of societies by examining their remaining artifacts." It is studied through "scientific recovery, analysis, and interpretation of the physical artifacts left by the former societies." Archeologist does not excavate field sites randomly to collect artifacts instead it is done through "systematically for a specific purpose." Linguistic anthropology is "the subfield of anthropology dealing with languages, their diversity, and connections, as well as the interface between language and culture. It examines such diverse topics as the relationship between language and brain function, how language changes change, links between language and human behavior." Biological anthropology "explores the study of human biology within the framework of evolution and highlights the relationship between biology and culture." "Biological anthropology looks atHomo sapiensas a genus and species, tracing their biological origins, evolutionary development, and genetic diversity." Anthropologists want t know why things happen. For example, we know how communicable diseases are spread but we may not know why they spread? Anthropologists use various methods to find out the answers. Such as Observational Methods allowing the investigator to "obtain knowledge about the group being studied without interfering with their privacy too much." Interviews and Questionnaires This group of methods gives emphases on "community interaction through the medium of language." Participant Observation is an anthropological fieldwork method for collected research. It needs the anthropologist participate in the culture they are researching as well as observing it. The information obtained is then recorded and reproduced upon to gain further vision into the culture being studied or the question being asked by the researcher. Life Histories is a term used to explain when a person expresses their whole life experience, usually starting from the beginning to the present. Participator y Approach method involves full participation of the researcher with their "subjects or community they are studying." Development is an "illusive term to describe" as it depends upon the various point of view to explain, but here in anthropology development is "concerned with social and economic development" in reference to "human needs and capital." Anthropology involves a thought of all aspects of people's social, economic and cultural life with the social behaviors of the community. Anthropology not only involves the people of given community and the ways they live but also how it is "affected on the global level and also identifies the interrelationships that exist between different aspects of people's lives." Anthropologists are conscious about human societies, and the significance of their cultural diversity and biodiversity, their varied ways of empowering people through a sense of community. Likewise, anthropologists are also conscious about health conditions, nutrition, and child's education that are in worst condition nowadays. In conclusion, an anthropological perception on human development is studying the existing political and economic theology of globalization. Anthropology helps us grow intellectually to shape a good social institution letting us know who we are. We can learn a lot about ourselves and the entire elements related to us which helps to bring a real change. Sources: Strada, M. J. (2009).Through the Global Lens An introduction to the Social Sciences(Third ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
Wednesday, February 19, 2020
JetBlue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
JetBlue - Assignment Example Examples of wants in the company are comfortable seats and excellent service. Moreover, demands are above wants. They include things that human wants and have ability and potential of buying. Some of the demands in the company include more legroom and LCD entertainment at every seat. The three concepts have an implication to the company. First, the company has to ensure that the client meets all the needs. Secondly, the company has to take care of wants in order to be competitive in the market. Lastly, the company needs to have a variety of things demanded so that customer can have choices in choosing their demands. Although this is a small firm, it is clear that the company aims in satisfying the customer to the fullest. In fact, the level of satisfaction can be deciphered from their company slogan ââ¬Å"Happy Jetting.â⬠The company also has some of the products that are not available to other competitors. The company also hires employees and train them based on company values. Therefore, what is being exchanged in the company is value and satisfaction customer for profit generation in the company. The production concept best applies to JetBlue. This is because the company focus is on provision quality services in attraction of customers. The application of the concept is seen through provision of excellent customer services. The company creates various values for its customers. One is through offering comfort to its customers. Second, the other is through offering of good customer service. An excellent service is provided by hiring right employees and training them on company core
Tuesday, February 4, 2020
The Poblem of People Having only Online Friends Essay
The Poblem of People Having only Online Friends - Essay Example According to the paper social anxiety disorders usually manifests as a persistent fear of social performance situations where a person is exposed to unfamiliar people. The individual sometimes fears that he might act in an embarrassing way and be humiliated in the process. In these instances, their exposure to social situations usually triggers their anxiety. As a result, such anxiety often manifests in their panic, crying, freezing or shrinking from social situations. The person afflicted with this disease is most often aware that his fears are exaggerated; however, he cannot control or manage such fears. As a result, these people avoid these social situations and veer away from situations which may cause them embarrassment. Their attempt at avoiding these embarrassing social situations often interferes with their lives and their normal academic, social, or professional activities. This essay highlights that the internet is often used by these individuals in order to acquire social interactions. They often find the internet a more comfortable place to meet and interact with other people. They find it a more comfortable setting because their fears in being embarrassed or humiliated do not exist in this setting. However, as a result, their moments of interaction become limited to the internet or online setting.
Monday, January 27, 2020
Greek and Roman Sports
Greek and Roman Sports Ancient Greek and Roman civilization have made many contributions to western civilization. Especially when it comes to politics, trade, and sports. From wrestling to javelin, ancient sports set the pace for some of the sports we have in our day and age, especially the Olympic Games. In Ancient Greek and Romans sports, athletes contested very hard and it was a public display that was a trait of the religious and social life of ancient Greece and Rome (Osborne 15). Ancient athletes trained and participated for physical exercise, competition, and to honor their gods. In this paper I will discuss the Greek and Roman attitudes toward sports. The ancient competition, physically, was relatively different from the sporting events we have now a days. There were far fewer events and only free Greek men (and sometimes boys) were allowed to compete because of the brutality. Also, there werenââ¬â¢t any team sports; every sport was one man against another/others, because they were more concerned about individual merit. Some of the different sports the Greekââ¬â¢s participated in where javelin, running (with and without armor), and discuss. Moreover, some of the more brutal sports they embarked on where wrestling, boxing, and pankration (a form of wrestling and boxing). Some of the games where brutal and you had to participate naked, but it intended on showing the beauty of the human body. The four main cycles of games were the Olympic Games, the Pythian Games, the Isthmian Games, and the Nemean Games (Kyle 48). Romans on the other hand based their sports around warlike displays, most notably the fights amongst gladiators. They included a gladiatorial combat, stage-plays, chariot races, athletic competitions, and a mock naval battle. Without a doubt, the Greek games depended for their entertainment value primarily on rivalry among athletes; while the Roman games were often describe by the staging of battles fought to the death and involved large numbers of human beings and also beasts (Kyle 184). The Roman sporting events I think were more brutal; especially when it comes to the fights amongst gladiators when most of the time they fought to their death. While on the other hand, the Greekââ¬â¢s were involved with the sports and the Romanââ¬â¢s simply watched them and cheered for the participant they wanted to win. In conclusion, the Greek and Roman sports helped create some of the sporting events we have today and definitely started athletic competition. We can clearly see the love for sports in Greek and the Romans. We learn that the ancient Greeks and Romans shaped their own idea about the meaning of life. The Roman games were radically different from the Greek games in several respects. However, their sports show the mindset of the people of that time. The Greeks were more interested in showing off the human body while the Romanââ¬â¢s were more inclined on massacring the human body. I think this shows that compared to the Romanââ¬â¢s, the Greekââ¬â¢s valued human life more. Without a doubt modern Americans would find much of these sports awfully violent; particularly the hundreds of gladiator fights and animal fights, with their many public deaths of both people and animals. Works Cited Osborne, Robin Studies in Ancient Greek and Roman Society. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Kyle, Donald G. Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World. New York: Blackwell Pub, 2007.
Sunday, January 19, 2020
Learning Styles And Learning Theories In Human Resource Development Education Essay
Learning can specify as a mensurable and comparatively parameter to place that how much homo or animate being can absorb the cognition in order to go on with experience or by nature. There are many methods to larning something such as hearing, reading, visuals, and an experience. Peoples are different from one another and their non equal. Every individual has alone manners to larn. Learning manners define as an rational capacity, dressed ores, absorbs and remembers information. Each individual has a alone acquisition accomplishments and manners. To farther clear up there are celebrated theoretical accounts found by Honey and Mumford, and Kolb. In Honey and Mumford theoretical account explain four types of larning manners such as Activist, Reflector, Theorist, and Pragmatist. Activist means ââ¬ËI will seek anything one time ââ¬Ë some people if they want do something or learn, they will seek anything one time. These sorts of scholars are open-minded and enthusiastic about new things, act foremost and believe about effects subsequently and easy acquire involved with others. Second learning manner is Reflectors agencies, ââ¬ËLook before you leap ââ¬Ë these sorts of scholars are larning observe and chew over new experience, and their analyzing all available informations before they act and they think before semen to the decision. Third learning manner is Theorist means ââ¬ËIf it is logical it is good ââ¬Ë this manner says that some people are larning through the theories premises, rules and theoretical accounts. They would ever believe jobs through consistently and logically. The last learning manner is Pragma tist means ââ¬ËIf it works, it is good, but there is ever a better manner ââ¬Ë these sort of people learn if something plants in good manner and practically that is the best manner for them, tidal bore to seek out thoughts, theories and techniques to see if they work in pattern, They are basically practical, down to earth people who like doing practical determinations and work out jobs. In Kolb ââ¬Ës larning theoretical account there are four chief phases such as concrete experience ( CE ) is where the scholar actively see an activity, brooding observation ( RO ) is when the scholar consciously reflects back on that experience, abstract conceptualisation ( AC ) is where the scholar efforts to gestate a theory or theoretical account of what is observed and active experimentation ( AE ) is where the scholar is seeking to be after how to prove a theoretical account or theory or program for a extroverted experience. These four phases are matching to Kolb ââ¬Ës four propensity manners are diverging ( CE/RO ) means ââ¬Ëfeeling and watching ââ¬Ë these sort of people are able to believe in a different manner and different position, they use information and imaginativeness to work out jobs, and these people perform better in state of affairs like thought coevals. These kind of scholars are interested in people tend to be inventive and emotional and they are like to work in groups. Assimilating ( AC/RO ) is the 2nd manner of Kolb ââ¬Ës theoretical account, this average ââ¬Ëwatching and believing ââ¬Ë this sort of people need theory instead than the practical. They want more an account than the practical chance. Ideas and constructs are more of import than people besides use the logical attack when work out the jobs. The 3rd manner is meeting ( AC/AE ) is average ââ¬Ëdoing and believing ââ¬Ë these type of scholars does non necessitate any theories, but they want practical. They can work out their jobs through practical issues ; they prefer proficient undertaking and less relationship with people and interpersonal facets, and people with a meeting manner like to experiment with new thoughts to imitate and to work with practical applications. The 4th manner is suiting ( CE/AE ) means ââ¬Ëdoing and experiencing ââ¬Ë this is where the people use other people ââ¬Ës analysis, information or can be their merchandise and prefer to take a practica l, experiential attack, they use others information and carry out their ain analysis. They are attracted to new challenges and experiences and to transporting out programs. Peoples with this learning manner willing to work in squads to finish the end and they set the marks and actively work in the field seeking different ways to accomplish an aim When comparing Honey and Mumford theoretical account and the Kolb ââ¬Ës theoretical account there are distinguish between different larning manners. Honey and Mumford described the same thing done by Kolb ââ¬Ës but utilizing different words, so hence there is no such difference between these two theoretical accounts. Hence there is a strong similarity in Kolb ââ¬Ës theoretical account phase one says concrete experience ( Having and experience ) says being to the full involved in an action or interaction, using current cognition and accomplishments but in Honey and Mumford theoretical account manner one describe Militants which is depicting immediate experience, open-minded, bored with execution. Kolb ââ¬Ës 2nd phase Brooding observation ( reexamining the experience ) is say looking back at what happened, depicting it, reflecting on the causes and effects of scholar behavior, but Honey and Mumford ââ¬Ës reflectors manner is say listen before speech production, ponder an d analyse, hold making decisions. The 3rd phase of Kolb ââ¬Ës theoretical account is Abstract Conceptualization ( reasoning from the experience ) is organizing generalisation, constructs and theories that will enable to incorporate observation and contemplations into behavior on future occasions or in other contexts, but Honey and Mumford ââ¬Ës theorist manner like people think through logical facet. The 4th phase in Kolb ââ¬Ës theoretical account is Active Experimentation ( Planing the following stairss ) is describe be aftering ways in which in scholar can use and prove decision in farther action but Honey and Mumford ââ¬Ës Pragmatists manner which is seek attempt and new thoughts, practical, down to earth, basking job resolution and determination devising. Besides activist and accommodating, reflector and diverging, theoretician and assimilating, pragmatist and convergence are similar to each construct. Learning manners are needed to place how the people can absorb and retrieve things. Likewise learning theories are aid to place how people learn through alterations in behavior, environment and ends. The behavioristic attack steps larning in term of comparative lasting alterations in behavior. This is like the environmental control larning. The work of Pavlov ( on Canis familiariss ) and Skinner ( on rats ) suggested that acquisition is the formation of new connexion between stimulation and response on the footing of experience or behavior is positively or negatively reinforced. Therefore in an organisation trainer should ever believe about their trainees ââ¬Ë behavior, when doing the peculiar preparation programme. Imagine occupation function for client attention, if the trainee is non like to be societal or speak with others any longer, he/she is silence character. In this state of affairs to avoid this or alter the behavior of trainee, trainer has to do a preparation programme relate to the behavior. Otherwise developing cost and clip will be wasted. To minimum that trainer can give the feedback to the trainee, and increase the morale. Every individual has a end ; human behavior is towards a end. Many be some individual does non hold instruction background, but that does non intend that he/she does non hold any information to make to him/her ends utilizing their experience. Therefore holding purpose or end will take to garner the information or information, hence without any sort of information is difficult to making to the ends. Likewise the Cognitive Approach is specifying as a comparatively lasting alteration in knowledge happening as a consequence of experience. Peoples can larn through the experience and storage of information in the encephalon. They can understand their environment and how it works. They decide what is of import to larn and larn through techniques and schemes they feel comfy with. In an Organization if the trainee does non hold any motive to larn the new stuff to being with, therefore it is of import for the delivering and design of preparation programme. The trainer should non state the trainee ââ¬Ës what to make ; instead they should steer the trainees in detecting the right solutions and ways of thought. For illustration trainer should give a end to trainees, hence to accomplish the end trainee will larn. There is another larning manner called societal acquisition attack. This is where people learn through by detecting others behaviour, attitude, and results of those behaviors. Most of the clip, human learns through copying others. First they start copying their parents. Peoples learn to execute actions by patterning, watching, analyzing the manner others do them. In an Organization if there is a good trainer like holding good attitude, good communicating accomplishments, presentations accomplishments. A trainee will besides wish to follow or make the same manner in other word imitative the trainer. Therefore it will be a benefit for an organisation hence trainee will execute best in the hereafter. These types of scholars are really easy grip. When planning and design of larning events in an organisation they should name appropriate trainer for the preparation programme. Therefore trainees will actuate to larn by copying their trainer. The Learning theories offer certain utile propositions for the design of effectual preparation programmes. The person should be motivated to larn. The intent and benefits of a learning activity should be made clear, harmonizing to the person ââ¬Ës motivations or ends, wages, challenge, competency. Clear ends and aims should be set, so that each undertaking has some significance. This will assist trainee s in control procedure that leads to larn, supplying marks which public presentation will invariably be measured and adjusted. Each phase of larning should show a challenge, motive, without overloading trainees so that they lose assurance and the ability to absorb information of experience. Besides trainer can plan case-studies ; job resolution exercisings and so on prosecute the purposive procedure of larning. Coaching, mentoring and term acquisition activities engage societal earning. There should be feedback on public presentation and advancement in proper manner and on clip and it should non be hold. Active engagement in the acquisition experience in action acquisition or find acquisition is by and large more effectual than inactive response hence it enhances concentration and conditioning. There is a relationship between the clip spent in acquisition and the degree of competency attained. The acquisition curve is a graph demoing the relationship between clip and larning competency attained. The larning curve as follows, Degree of competency Standard curve Stepped curve Time The acquisition curve describes the advancement and variable gait of larning. It is common for people to state that they are ââ¬Ëon a steep acquisition curve ââ¬Ë when they have to get a batch of new cognition or accomplishments in a short period of clip. The standard curve says that calling or scholar spent larning one thing for a long clip and does non better further. However in pattern this will depends on the design of the acquisition programme and the motive and aptitude of the scholar. The stepped curve says that calling or scholar exhausted tilting many things during the given preparation period of clip and which will better in farther. Stepped curve is common in instances where an single alterations occupations or work methods, or do the passage a non-managerial to a managerial place. However there are larning theories and larning manners available in order to plan the preparation programme, but the most of import portion is transportation of larning.Learner should able to reassign what he/she learnt in the preparation period. If the scholar can successfully reassign the cognition and accomplishments into practical undertaking that can specify as positive transportation. If the scholar is failed to reassign what he/she learnt from the preparation programme into the application of undertaking can be define as a negative transportation. If scholar is learnt something by copying others it will assist for the scholar to altering analyzing accomplishments or presentation accomplishments relevant to the practical applications. This another manner to mensurate how much success of the preparation programmes. As an employer it is really of import to supplying calling development for their employees. An Employer should aware about the preparation programme hence the programme may be expensive or takes clip. Therefore to supply an effectual preparation for the scholars employer should choose the appropriate preparation methods which is up to day of the month and relevant to the application undertaking. Besides before design the preparation programme employer should acquire clear image about scholars, hence people are come from different background so hence their rational capacity and absorbs the cognition degree may different. In order to establish on their behavior, larning capacity the preparation programme should be variable.
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Synthesis of Acetanilide
Synthesis of Acetanilide By: Rick Whitely April 9, 2013 Organic Chemistry Lab 1; Professor J. Hutchison Recrystallization is a common method of purifying organic substances through the differences in solubility at different temperature. In this experiment, acetanilide was produced by acetylation of aniline with acetic anhydride. The crude acetanilide was dissolved in a solvent in a heated water bath. The solution was cooled slowly in an ice bath as crystals form out.As the compound crystallizes from the solution, the limiting reagent Aniline and the percent yield of 96% was obtained. Introduction: This experiment involves four functional groups common in organic chemistry. The substrate (reactants) which are Aniline and Acetic anhydride are both liquids and one of the products is solid (Acetanilide). The reaction of aniline with acetic anhydride is a transformation in which products acetanilide and acetic acid are obtained. A solid product (Acetanilide) is obtained so that it may be recrystallized and a melting point determined.The Reaction: Aniline (C6H5NH2) + acetic anhydride (C4H6O3) Acetanilide (C8H9NO) + acetic acid (C2H4O2) Results and Discussion: Amines can be treated (Acylated, adding a Carbonyl and losing a proton) using Acetic Anhydride as a source of an ââ¬Å"Acylâ⬠group to form an Amide. The Synthesis of Acetanilide (an Amide) through a Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (addition / elimination) reaction between Aniline (an Amine) is acting as the Nucleophile and an Acyl group from Acetic Anhydride acting as the Electrophile.The Mechanism: The desired product is isolated from its impurities by differences in solubility. Soluble impurities remain in the cold solvent after recrystallization. The desired product should be as soluble as possible in hot solvent and as insoluble as possible in cold solvent. The selection of solvent is therefore critical to the successful recrystallization which in this experiment, water was used as the solvent because of its solubility. The calculated percent yield was 96%. Procedures: Acetic anhydride (1mL, 10. 8) was added in several small portions along with 6 mL of deionized water to (0. 1 g, 1. 08 mmol) of aniline. The immediate formation of a solid precipitate was observed. After adding 20mL of deionized water to the mixture, it was then heated until all of the material was dissolved. A crystalline solid was obtained while cooling to room temperature, then filtered and washed with 2mL of chilled water. The material was allowed to dry for approximately 15 minutes and (0. 9795 g, 96%) of Acetanilide was recovered. Calculations: Moles of Aniline: 0. 7 g C6H5NH2 / X x 93. 3 g C6H5NH2 / 1 mole = 0. 7g / 93. 13 g x X 93. 13 g / 93. 13 g = X = . 0075 mol x 1000 = 7. 5 mmol Moles of acetic anhydride: 1. 08 g C4H6O3 / X x 102. 09 g / 1 mol = 1. 08 g / 102. 09 g x X 102. 09 g / 102. 09 g = X = 0. 0106 mol 1 mL x 1. 08 g / 1 mL = 1. 08 g Limiting Reagent: 0. 7 g C6H5NH2 x 1 mol C6H5NH2/93. 13 g = 1 mo l C8H9NO/ 1 mol C6H5NH2 x 135. 17 g C8H9NO/1 mol C8H9NO = 1. 016 g C8H9NO The limiting reagent is Aniline. Mass of product: .9795 g Acetanilide x 1 mol/135. 17 g Acetanilide = 0. 0073 mol Percent Yield: Percent yield =
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)